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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(11): 1149-1158, Nov. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429863

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Neuro-oncological patients require specialized medical care. However, the data on the costs incurred for such specialized care in developing countries are currently lacking. These data are relevant for international cooperation. Objective The present study aimed to estimate the direct cost of specialized care for an adult neuro-oncological patient with meningioma or glioma during hospitalization in the largest philanthropic hospital in Latin America. Methods The present observational economic analysis describes the direct cost of care of neuro-oncological patients in Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil. Only adult patients with a common primary brain tumor were included. Results Due to differences in the system records, the period analyzed for cost estimation was between December 2016 and December 2019. A group of patients with meningiomas and gliomas was analyzed. The estimated mean cost of neurosurgical hospitalization was US$4,166. The cost of the operating room and intensive care unit represented the largest proportion of the total cost. A total of 17.5% of patients had some type of infection, and 66.67% of these occurred in nonelective procedures. The mortality rate was 12.7% and 92.3% of all deaths occurred in emergency procedures. Conclusions Emergency surgeries were associated with an increased rate of infections and mortality. The findings of the present study could be used by policymakers for resource allocation and to perform economic analyses to establish the value of neurosurgery in achieving global health goals.


Resumo Antecedentes Pacientes neuro-oncológicos demandam tratamento médico especializado. Em países em desenvolvimento, há falta de dados sobre custos em neurocirurgia. Estes dados são relevantes para ajudar na cooperação internacional. Objetivo O presente estudo objetiva estimar o custo direto de um paciente neuro-oncológico adulto com meningioma ou glioma durante sua internação no maior hospital filantrópico da América Latina. Métodos A presente análise econômica observacional descreve os custos diretos de um paciente neuro-oncológico da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Apenas pacientes adultos e com os dois tumores cerebrais primários mais comuns foram considerados. Resultados Devido a uma mudança no sistema de prontuários, para análise de custos o período analisado foi de dezembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2019. Uma amostra significativa de pacientes com gliomas e meningiomas foi analisada. O custo médio da hospitalização foi de U$ 4.166. O tempo de sala cirúrgica e os cuidados em terapia intensiva representaram a maior proporção dentro do custo total. Um total de 17.5% dos pacientes teve algum tipo de infecção e 66.67% delas ocorreram em procedimentos não eletivos. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 12.5% e 92.3% dos óbitos ocorreram em procedimentos de urgência. Conclusões Cirurgias de urgência foram mais associadas a taxas de infecção e mortalidade. Os achados do presente estudo podem ser usados por planejadores em política pública de saúde para alocação de recursos e para análise econômica para estabelecer o valor dos procedimentos neurocirúrgicos para atingir metas mundiais.

2.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 39(3): 155-160, 15/09/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362402

ABSTRACT

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality around the world. Few advances regarding surgical approaches have been made in the past few years to improve its outcomes. Microsurgical cisternostomy is a well-established technique used in vascular and skull base surgery and recently emerges as a suitable procedure with lesser costs and morbidity when compared with decompressive craniectomy in patients with diffuse TBI. This study aims to describe the technique, indications, and limitations of cisternostomy and to compare it with decompressive craniectomy (DC). Methods A prospective study is being conducted after obtaining approval of the local human ethics research committee. Once the inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied, the patients are submitted to microsurgical cisternostomy, pre and postoperative neurological status and brain computed tomography (CT) evaluation. A detailed review was also performed, which discusses diffuse TBI, DC, and cisternostomy for the treatment of TBI. Results Two patients were submitted to cisternostomy after TBI and the presence of acute subdural hematoma and hugemidline shift at admission computed tomography. The surgery was authorized by the family (the informed consent form was signed). Both patients evolved with a good recovery after the procedure, and had a satisfactory control brain CT. No further surgeries were required after the initial cisternostomy. Conclusions Cisternostomy is an adequate technique for the treatment of selected patients affected by diffuse TBI, and it is a proper alternative to DC with lesser costs and morbidity, since a single neurosurgical procedure is performed. A prospective study is being conducted for a better evaluation and these were the initial cases of this new protocol.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Young Adult , Decompressive Craniectomy/adverse effects , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/surgery , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology , Microsurgery/methods , Glasgow Coma Scale , Prospective Studies , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging , Craniocerebral Trauma
3.
São Paulo med. j ; 137(1): 92-95, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004738

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Presence of an arachnoid cyst and a non-ruptured intracystic brain aneurysm is extremely rare. The aim of this paper was to describe a case of a patient with an arachnoid cyst and a non-ruptured aneurysm inside it. Clinical, surgical and radiological data were analyzed and the literature was reviewed. CASE REPORT: A patient complained of chronic headache. She was diagnosed as having a temporal arachnoid cyst and a non-ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm inside it. Surgery was performed to clip the aneurysm and fenestrate the cyst. CONCLUSIONS: This report raises awareness about the importance of intracranial vascular investigation in patients with arachnoid cysts and brain hemorrhage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Arachnoid Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Cerebral Angiography , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Arachnoid Cysts/surgery , Middle Cerebral Artery/surgery
4.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(5): 492-496, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979372

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases have high prevalence in developing countries and their proper diagnosis and treatment are very important for public health planning. Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that may cause several CNS manifestations, especially in immunocompromised patients. Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common type of involvement. Mass-effect lesions are uncommon: they are described as cryptococcomas and their prevalence is even lower among immunocompetent patients. The aim here was to report an extremely rare case of cryptococcoma causing a mass effect and mimicking a brain tumor in an immunocompetent patient. The literature on CNS cryptococcal infections was reviewed with emphasis on cryptococcomas. Clinical, surgical and radiological data on a female patient with this rare presentation of cryptococcoma mimicking a brain tumor are described. Case Report: A 54-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with a rapid-onset progressive history of confusion and completely dependency for basic activities. Neuroimaging showed a left occipital lesion and neurosurgical treatment was proposed. From histopathological evaluation, a diagnosis of cryptococcoma was established. She received clinical support with antifungals, but despite optimal clinical treatment, her condition evolved to death. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptococcal infections have several forms of presentation and, in immunocompetent patients, their manifestation may be even more different. Cryptococcoma is an extremely rare presentation in which proper surgical and clinical treatment should be instituted as quickly as possible, but even so, there is a high mortality rate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/diagnostic imaging , Cryptococcosis/diagnostic imaging , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification , Immunocompetence , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Immunocompromised Host , Fatal Outcome , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/pathology , Cryptococcosis/pathology , Rare Diseases/pathology , Rare Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential
5.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 37(2): 145-147, 24/07/2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-912279

ABSTRACT

Pineal region tumors are uncommon among neoplasm of the central nervous system, with this region being the most heterogeneous in terms of histological types. Meningiomas are rarer still, but can be found at this site, with origins in either the velum interpositum or falcotentorial junction. Neuroimaging exams can distinguish malignant from benign lesions besides helping to define the origin of the lesion as the pineal parenchymal or surrounding structures. We report the case of a woman with a pineal region tumor in which differential diagnoses included meningioma and germinoma, with confirmation of the former based on radiological characteristics and histopathology. In addition, a brief review of differential diagnoses and approaches for cases of lesions in this region is provided.


Os tumores da região da pineal apresentam uma baixa frequência entre as neoplasias do sistema nervoso central, sendo esta região a mais heterogênea em termos de tipos histológicos possíveis. Meningiomas são lesões ainda mais raras, porém possíveis de advirem desta localização, sejam originados do velum interpositum ou da junção falcotentorial. Os exames de neuroimagem permitem distinguir lesões malignas de benignas além de auxiliar na definição entre origem do parênquima pineal ou de estruturas adjacentes. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher adulta com uma neoplasia da região da pineal cujos diagnósticos diferenciais incluíram meningioma e germinoma, evidenciando-se pelas características radiológicas e resultados histopatológicos tratar-se do primeiro. Além disso, fazemos uma breve revisão a respeito dos diagnósticos diferencias e condutas frente a uma lesão desta região.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pineal Gland , Brain Neoplasms , Meningioma , Pineal Gland/injuries
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(4): 257-264, Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888383

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Decompressive craniectomy is a procedure required in some cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This manuscript evaluates the direct costs and outcomes of decompressive craniectomy for TBI in a developing country and describes the epidemiological profile. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using a five-year neurosurgical database, taking a sample of patients with TBI who underwent decompressive craniectomy. Several variables were considered and a formula was developed for calculating the total cost. Results: Most patients had multiple brain lesions and the majority (69.0%) developed an infectious complication. The general mortality index was 68.8%. The total cost was R$ 2,116,960.22 (US$ 661,550.06) and the mean patient cost was R$ 66,155.00 (US$ 20,673.44). Conclusions: Decompressive craniectomy for TBI is an expensive procedure that is also associated with high morbidity and mortality. This was the first study performed in a developing country that aimed to evaluate the direct costs. Prevention measures should be a priority.


RESUMO Introdução: A craniectomia descompressiva (CD) é procedimento necessário em alguns casos de trauma cranioencefálico (TCE). Este manuscrito objetiva avaliar os custos diretos e desfechos da CD no TCE em um país em desenvolvimento e descrever o perfil epidemiológico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo foi realizado usando banco de dados neurocirúrgico de cinco anos, considerando amostra de pacientes com TCE que realizaram CD. Algumas variáveis foram analisadas e foi desenvolvida uma fórmula para cálculo do custo total. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes teve múltiplas lesões intracranianas, sendo que 69.0% evoluíram com algum tipo de complicação infecciosa. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 68,8%. O custo total foi R$ 2.116.960,22 (US$ 653,216.00) e o custo médio por paciente foi R$ 66.155,00 (US$ 20,415.00). Conclusões: CD no TCE é um procedimento caro e associado á alta morbidade e mortalidade. Este foi o primeiro estudo realizado em um país em desenvolvimento com o objetivo de avaliar os custos diretos. Medidas de prevenção devem ser priorizadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Decompressive Craniectomy/economics , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/surgery , Brazil , Glasgow Coma Scale , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Decompressive Craniectomy/statistics & numerical data , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/economics
7.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 43(1): 34-36, July 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869777

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir un caso raro de una paciente previamente diagnosticada con cáncer de mama que evolucionó después de algunos años con metástasis intraorbitaria. Métodos: Relato del caso y revisión de literatura. Resultados: La correlación del diagnóstico previo de neoplasia de mama y la presencia de múltiples lesiones en la órbita y regiones adjacentes ha permitido concluir que la paciente presentaba enfermedad metastásica. Las metástasis se presentan como manifestaciones cada vez más frecuentes en enfermos oncológicos. La órbita y estruturas próximas constituyen topografías poco usuales de diseminaciónde células neoplásicas y manifestaciones iniciales pueden mimetizar otras condiciones, retrasando el diagnóstico. Como se trataban de pequeñas lesiones, se ha optado por radioterapia como tratamiento único. Después del término la paciente evolucionó con regresión de sintomatología. Conclusiones: Aunque infrecuentes, manifestaciones oculares pueden ocurrir en enfermos oncológicos y la investigación de enfermedad metastático de la órbita es esencial para el seguimiento adecuado.


Objective: Description a rare case of a patient with previous diagnosis of breast cancer that evolved years after with orbital metastasis. Method: Case report and literature review. Results: The relation between the previous diagnosis of breast cancer and the presence of multiple orbital and adjacent lesions allowed concluding that the patient presented metastatic disease. Metastasis presented as a common manifestation in oncological patients. Orbit and neighboring structures constitute unusualsite of neoplastic cells dissemination and initial manifestations could mimic other conditions, which can slow diagnosis. As they were small lesions that are close to noble structures, it was opted by performing exclusive radiotherapy. After the end of treatment, the patient referred improvement of her symptoms. Conclusions: Although unusual, ocular manifestations could occur in oncological patients and orbit metastatic disease investigation is essential to the proper follow.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Diplopia/etiology , Eye Movements , Orbital Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Orbital Neoplasms/secondary , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Metastasis/radiotherapy , Brain Neoplasms/secondary
8.
São Paulo med. j ; 135(3): 296-301, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904076

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Brain metastases are the most common tumors of the central nervous system. Because of their high frequency, they may be associated with rare situations. Among these are tumor-to-tumor metastasis and an even a rarer situation called simultaneous brain tumors, which are more related to primary tumors of the reproductive and endocrine systems. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old male patient with a history of renal cell carcinoma (which had previously been resected) presented with a ventricular lesion (suggestive of metastatic origin) and simultaneous olfactory groove lesion (probably a meningioma). First, only the ventricular lesion was dealt with, but after a year, the meningothelial lesion increased and an occipital lesion appeared. Therefore, both of these were resected in a single operation. All the procedures were performed by the same neurosurgeon. The patient evolved without neurological deficits during the postoperative period. After these two interventions, the patient remained well and was referred for adjuvant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first description of an association between these two tumors. Brain metastases may be associated with several lesions, and rare presentations such as simultaneity with meningioma should alert neurosurgeons to provide the best oncological treatment.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: As metástases cerebrais são os tumores mais comuns do sistema nervoso central e, devido à sua elevada frequência, podem estar associadas a situações raras. Entre estas estão as "tumor to tumor metastasis" e uma situação ainda mais rara chamada de tumores cerebrais simultâneos, mais relacionados a tumores primários dos sistemas endocrinológico e reprodutivo. RELATO DE CASO: Um homem de 56 anos com histórico de câncer de células renais (extirpado previamente) apresentou-se com lesão ventricular (sugestiva de origem metastática) e simultaneamente com uma lesão em topografia de goteira olfatória (provavelmente meningioma). Primeiramente, apenas a lesão ventricular foi abordada, porém após um ano, a lesão meningotelial aumentou e uma lesão occipital apareceu e então ambas foram ressecadas em uma única cirurgia. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados pelo mesmo neurocirurgião. O paciente evoluiu sem déficits neurológicos no período pós-operatório. Após essas duas intervenções, o paciente permaneceu bem, sendo encaminhado para tratamento adjuvante. CONCLUSÕES: O presente trabalho é a primeira descrição da associação encontrada entre esses dois tumores. As metástases cerebrais podem associar-se a várias lesões, e manifestações raras, tais como apresentação simultânea com meningioma, devem alertar o neurocirurgião a fornecer o melhor tratamento oncológico.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/secondary , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Meningeal Neoplasms/secondary , Meningioma/secondary , Immunohistochemistry , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Rare Diseases , Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Meningioma/surgery , Meningioma/diagnostic imaging
9.
São Paulo med. j ; 135(2): 146-149, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846293

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Neurocysticercosis is prevalent in developing countries and manifests with several neurological signs and symptoms that may be fatal. The cysts may be parenchymal or extraparenchymal and therefore several signs and symptoms may occur. Depending on their location, neurosurgical procedures may be required, sometimes as emergencies. The aim here was to review 10-year statistics on all surgical neurocysticercosis cases at a large public tertiary-level hospital. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort at a large public tertiary-level hospital. METHODS: All surgical neurocysticercosis cases seen between July 2006 and July 2016 were reviewed. Parenchymal and extraparenchymal forms were considered, along with every type of surgical procedure (shunt, endoscopic third ventriculostomy and craniotomy). The literature was reviewed through PubMed, using the terms “neurocysticercosis”, “surgery”, “shunt” and “hydrocephalus”. RESULTS: 37 patients underwent neurosurgical procedures during the study period. Most were male (62.16%) and extraparenchymal cases predominated (81%). Patients aged 41 to 50 years were most affected (35.13%) and those 20 years or under were unaffected. Ventricular forms were most frequently associated with hydrocephalus and required permanent shunts in most cases (56.57%). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of neurocysticercosis depends on the impairment: the parenchymal type usually does not require surgery, which is more common in the extraparenchymal form. Hydrocephalus is a frequent complication because the cysts often obstruct the cerebrospinal flow. The cysts should be removed whenever possible, to avoid the need for permanent shunts.


RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A neurocisticercose é prevalente em países em desenvolvimento e manifesta-se com vários sinais e sintomas neurológicos que podem ser fatais. Os cistos podem ser parenquimatosos ou extraparenquimatosos, portanto vários sinais e sintomas podem estar presentes. Dependendo da sua localização, procedimentos neurocirúrgicos podem ser necessários, às vezes em caráter emergencial. O objetivo foi revisar dados estatísticos de um período de 10 anos de todos os casos cirúrgicos de neurocisticercose num grande hospital público terciário. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Coorte retrospectiva de um grande hospital público terciário. MÉTODOS: Todos os casos cirúrgicos de neurocisticercose de pacientes tratados entre julho 2006 e julho 2016 foram revisados. As formas parenquimatosas e extraparenquimatosas foram consideradas, assim como tipo de procedimento cirúrgico (derivação, terceiroventriculostomia endoscópica e craniotomia). A literatura foi revisada por meio da PubMed, utilizando-se os termos “neurocysticercosis”, “surgery”, “shunt” e “hydrocephalus”. RESULTADOS: 37 pacientes foram submetidos a procedimentos neurocirúrgicos nesse período, a maioria do sexo masculino (62.16%%) e casos extraparenquimatosos predominaram (81%). Pacientes com idade 41-50 anos foram os mais afetados (35,13%) e aqueles com 20 anos ou menos não foram afetados. As formas ventriculares mais frequentemente estiveram associadas a hidrocefalia e necessitaram da realização de shunts definitivos na maior parte dos casos (56,57%). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento depende da forma de acometimento: o tipo parenquimatoso usualmente não necessita de cirurgia que é mais comum na forma extraparenquimatosa. Hidrocefalia é uma complicação frequente pois muitas vezes os cistos obstruem o fluxo liquórico. A remoção dos cistos deve ser realizada sempre que possível para evitar a necessidade de derivações definitivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Neurocysticercosis/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Sex Factors , Retrospective Studies , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/epidemiology , Epilepsy/etiology , Hydrocephalus/etiology
10.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(4): 301-302, Apr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842548

ABSTRACT

Summary Ramsay Hunt syndrome (or herpes zoster oticus) is a rare complication of herpes zoster in which reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus infection in the geniculate ganglion occurs. Usually, there are auricular vesicles and symptoms and signs such otalgia and peripheral facial paralysis. In addition, rarely, a rash around the mouth can be seen. Immunodeficient patients are more susceptible to this condition. Diagnosis is essentially based on symptoms. We report the case of a diabetic female patient who sought the emergency department with a complaint of this rare entity.


Resumo A síndrome de Ramsay Hunt (ou zóster auricular) é uma complicação rara do herpes-zóster em que ocorre reativação de uma infecção latente pelo vírus varicela-zóster no gânglio geniculado. Geralmente, estão presentes vesículas auriculares e sintomas como otalgia e paralisia facial periférica. Além disso, mais raramente pode haver rash ao redor da boca. Pacientes com imunodeficiência apresentam maior susceptibilidade para essa condição. O diagnóstico é essencialmente pelo quadro clínico. É apresentado o caso de uma paciente diabética que compareceu ao setor de emergência com essa manifestação rara.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Herpes Zoster Oticus/complications , Facial Paralysis/virology , Photography , Rare Diseases , Ear, External/virology , Hearing Loss/virology
11.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(3): 213-214, Mar. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-956435

ABSTRACT

Summary Eagle syndrome is a rare condition presenting with retroauricular pain (usually as main symptom) associated with dysphagia, headache, neck pain on rotation and, much rarelier, stroke. This occurs due to styloid process elongation. Sometimes, there is also styloid ligament calcification, which can cause compression of nerves and arteries and the symptoms above. Treatment can be conservative with pain modulators (e.g. pregabalin) or infiltrations (steroids or anesthetics drugs). In refractory cases, surgical approach aiming to reduce the size of the styloid process can be performed. We present a rare case of Eagle syndrome (documented by computed tomography) with good response to clinical treatment.


Resumo A síndrome de Eagle é uma condição rara na qual ocorre dor retroauricular (usualmente é o principal sintoma) associada a disfagia, cefaleia, cervicalgia durante a rotação da cabeça e, mais raramente, a AVC. Isso ocorre por conta do alongamento do processo estiloide e, às vezes, há também calcificação do ligamento estiloide. Essas estruturas podem comprimir nervos e artérias causando os sintomas citados. O tratamento pode ser conservador com moduladores da dor, como pregabalina, ou com infiltrações (corticoides ou drogas anestésicas). Em casos refratários, cirurgia para reduzir o tamanho do processo estiloide pode ser realizada. É apresentado um caso raro de síndrome de Eagle (documentado com tomografia computadorizada) com boa resposta ao tratamento clínico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Temporal Bone/abnormalities , Ossification, Heterotopic/complications , Ossification, Heterotopic/physiopathology , Earache/etiology , Earache/physiopathology , Temporal Bone/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Earache/drug therapy , Pregabalin/therapeutic use , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Middle Aged
12.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 44(1): 46-53, Jan.-Feb. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842645

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the endovascular treatment of vascular lesions of the cavernous segment of the internal carotidartery (ICA) performed at our institution. Methods: we conducted a descriptive, retrospective and prospective study of patients with aneurysms of the cavernous portion of the ICA or with direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (dCCF) undergoing endovascular treatment. Results: we included 26 patients with intracavernous aneurysms and ten with dCCF. All aneurysms were treated with ICA occlusion. Those with dCCF were treated with occlusion in seven cases and with selective fistula occlusion in the remaining three. There was improvement of pain and ocular proptosis in all patients with dCCF. In patients with intracavernous aneurysms, the incidence of retro-orbital pain fell from 84.6% to 30.8% after treatment. The endovascular treatment decreased the dysfunction of affected cranial nerves in both groups, especially the oculomotor one. Conclusion: the endovascular treatment significantly improved the symptoms in the patients studied, especially those related to pain and oculomotor nerve dysfunction.


RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o tratamento endovascular de lesões vasculares da artéria carótida interna (ACI), segmento cavernoso, realizado na Santa Casa de São Paulo. Métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e prospectivo, de pacientes com aneurisma da porção cavernosa da ACI ou com fístulas carótido-cavernosas diretas (FCCd) submetidos a tratamento endovascular. Resultados: foram incluídos 26 pacientes com aneurismas intracavernosos e dez com FCCd. Todos os aneurismas foram tratados com oclusão da ACI. Os com FCCd foram tratados com oclusão, em sete casos, e com oclusão seletiva da fístula nos outros três. Houve melhora da dor e proptose ocular em todos os pacientes com FCCd. Nos pacientes com aneurisma intracavernoso, a incidência de dor retro-orbitária caiu de 84,6% para 30,8% após o tratamento. Após o tratamento endovascular houve uma melhora importante da disfunção de nervos cranianos afetados em ambos os grupos, sobretudo no nervo oculomotor. Conclusão: o tratamento endovascular trouxe melhora para os pacientes deste estudo, especialmente nos critérios dor e acometimento do nervo oculomotor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/surgery , Endovascular Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/complications , Middle Aged
13.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(1): 85-89, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777441

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Introduction: the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been decreasing patient morbidity and mortality by opportunistic infections and, thus, survival has increased. This new reality has been changing the spectrum of diseases affecting such patients. Objective: to discuss the association between HIV and the emergence of aneurysmal brain injuries. Method: it was performed a literature review using medical database. The following descriptors were searched: "Intracranial Aneurysms and HIV", "Intracranial Aneurysms and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome," "aneurysm and brain and HIV". Results: after performed a literature review, it was observed that the relationship between HIV infection and the formation of aneurysms appears to be real, however, it still lacks data to confirm the pathophysiology of this condition and its best treatment. Conclusion: there are new signs and symptoms that should be studied and researched relating HIV with other changes not previously known.


RESUMO Introdução: o tratamento da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) tem diminuído a morbidade e a mortalidade por infecções oportunistas nesses pacientes e, portanto, aumentado a sobrevida. Essa nova realidade tem mudado o espectro de doenças que afetam esses pacientes. Objetivo: discutir a associação entre HIV e ocorrência de aneurismas cerebrais. Método: foi realizada revisão da literatura utilizando bancos de dados médicos. Foram pesquisados os seguintes descritores: "HIV e aneurismas intracranianos", "aneurismas intracranianos e síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida", aneurismas, cérebro e HIV. Resultados: a relação entre a infecção pelo HIV e a formação de aneurismas parece ser real; porém, ainda faltam dados que confirmem a fisiopatologia dessa condição e seu melhor tratamento. Conclusão: existem novos sinais e sintomas, que devem ser estudados e pesquisados, relacionando o HIV com outras alterações previamente desconhecidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , HIV Infections/complications , Intracranial Aneurysm/virology , HIV , Cerebral Angiography , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging
14.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(1): 33-35, feb. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841536

ABSTRACT

En 1939 Davidenkow describió un tipo de atrofia diferente y rara con un patrón predominante en distribución escápulo-peroneal. Algunos investigadores caracterizaron el síndrome como una variante de la enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth; sin embargo, Davidenkow percibió que las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio no corroboraban exactamente esta hipótesis. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 39 años, con cuadro clínico semejante al síndrome descrito por Davidenkow, presentando atrofia escápulo-peroneal. Sus primeros síntomas comenzaron cuando tenía 24 años, inicialmente con debilidad motora proximal en los miembros superiores. No tenía historia familiar de miopatía o neuropatía y se excluyeron otros síndromes que se podrían incluir entre los diagnósticos diferenciales mediante la realización de pruebas de mutación genética, además del examen físico y electromiografía. El amplio espectro de enfermedades neuromusculares a veces dificulta su diagnóstico y debe ser siempre considerado en el diagnóstico diferencial.


A different and rare type of atrophy with a predominant pattern in scapulo-peroneal distribution was described by Davidenkow in 1939. The syndrome was characterized by some researchers as a variant of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, however Davidenkow noticed that clinical and laboratorial manifestations did not corroborate exactly with this hypothesis. We describe a case of a female patient, 39 years-old, clinical picture similar to the syndrome described by Davidenkow, presenting scapulo-peroneal atrophy. Her first symptoms had appeared when she was 24, initially with proximal motor weakness in the upper limbs. This patient did not have family history of myopathy or neuropathy. Several tests were performed to exclude other syndromes that could be included in the differential diagnosis, by testing gene mutation, in addition to the physical examination and electromyography. The large spectrum of neuromuscular diseases makes difficult the diagnosis of Davidenkow’s syndrome which always should be considered in the differential diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Scapula/abnormalities , Foot Deformities, Congenital/diagnosis , Muscular Atrophy/diagnosis , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/diagnosis , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Scapula/innervation , Syndrome , Diagnosis, Differential , Electromyography , Neural Conduction
15.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 34(3): 203-207, ago. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-2360

ABSTRACT

É bem estabelecido que o diagnóstico da fratura de côndilo occipital tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, provavelmente devido à disponibilidade e ao uso comum da tomografia computadorizada durante a investigação do trauma craniano, além da maior gravidade dos mecanismos de trauma. Por causa da baixa especificidade da apresentação clínica, e também pelo pouco conhecimento sobre o mecanismo de lesão, o diagnóstico desta condição é um desafio para neurocirurgiões. A abordagem terapêutica destes pacientes é baseada em estudos com baixa casuística e em relatos de caso. Uma revisão sobre este tema foi realizada a fim de discutir alguns aspectos controversos sobre o manejo da fratura de côndilo occipital. As fraturas de côndilo occipital são eventos raros, entretanto podem relacionar-se à alta morbidade em pacientes que sofreram trauma encefálico. Alguns sintomas, como intensa dor cervical, podem estar associados com esta fratura; portanto, paciente com suspeita de fratura de côndilo occipital deve ser submetido a investigação radiológica detalhada da região. O diagnóstico precoce desta fratura permite investigação apropriada, minimizando a chance de sequelas.


It is well established that diagnoses of occipital condyle fracture have increased in past decades, probably because of the availability and common use of computed tomography for investigating traumatic brain injuries, as well as themajor seriousness of trauma mechanism. Because of the low specificity of clinical presentation besides the lesion mechanism not well known, this condition is a diagnostic challenge for neurosurgeons. Therapeutic approaches of these patients are based on studies with low samples and case reports. A review of this theme was performed objecting to discuss some controversial topics about management of occipital condyle fracture. The occipital condyle fracture is a rare event, and it, however, could be related to high morbidity in patients who suffered traumatic brain injury. Some symptoms such as severe neck pain are related with this fracture, and thus patients suspicious of this fracture should undergo detailed radiologic investigation of this region. Early diagnosis of this fracture allows appropriate investigation, thus minimizing the risk of sequelae.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull Fractures/complications , Skull Fractures/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Occipital Bone/injuries
17.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 40(2): 133-135, 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-997480

ABSTRACT

Los tumores cerebrales metastásicos son el tipo más frecuente de cáncer que afecta el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Muchos sitios pueden generar implantes para todo el cerebro, pero hay órganos que raramente generan metastasis para el SNC. Carcinoma peritoneal primario es un cáncer raro, y su patología no es bien conocida, así como sus vías metastásicas. Se presenta un caso de una paciente que se presentó con lesiones cerebrales difusas debido a un carcinoma peritoneal primario diagnosticado previamente. También realizamos una breve revisión sobre el tema.


Brain metastatic tumors are the most frequent type of cancer affecting central nervous system. Many sites can generates implants for the entire brain, but there are organs that rarely generate metastasis. Primary peritoneal carcinoma is a rare cancer, and its pathology is not well known as well as its metastatic pathways. It is reported a case of a female patient who presented with diffuse brain lesions due to a primary peritoneal carcinoma previously diagnosed. We also perform a brief review about the theme.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/complications , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
18.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(4): 290-294, Apr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622352

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study histopathological findings due to a model of closed head injury by weight loss in rats. METHODS: A platform was used to induce closed cranial lesion controlled by weight loss with a known and predefined energy. 25 male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus albinus) were divided in five equal groups which received different cranial impact energy levels: G1, G2, G3 and G4 with 0.234J, 0.5J, 0.762J and 1J respectively and G5 (Sham). Under the effect of analgesia, the brain of each group was collected and prepared for histopathological analysis by conventional optic microscopy. RESULTS: It was observed greater number of injured neurons in animals of group 4, however neuronal death also could be noticed in animals of group 5. Intraparenchymal hemorrhages were more frequent in animals of group 4 and the cytotoxic brain swelling and vascular congestion were more intense in this group CONCLUSION: The histopathological analysis of these findings allowed to observe typical cranial trauma alterations and these keep close relation with impact energy.


OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações histopatológicas produzidas por um modelo de trauma craniano fechado por queda de peso em ratos. MÉTODOS: Utilizando uma plataforma para produção de lesão craniana fechada controlada por queda de peso com energia pré-definida e conhecida, 25 ratos Wistar machos (Rattus norvegicus albinus) foram divididos em cinco grupos iguais que receberam níveis diferentes de energia de impacto craniano: G1, G2, G3 e G4 com 0,234J, 0,5J, 0,762J e 1J respectivamente e G5 (Sham). Sob analgesia, cada grupo teve seus encéfalos coletados e processados para análise histopatológica por microscopia óptica convencional. RESULTADOS: Houve maior número de neurônios lesados em animais do grupo 4, mas morte neuronal também pôde ser constatada nos animais do grupo 5. Hemorragias parenquimatosas foram mais frequentes nos animais do grupo 4 e o inchaço cerebral citotóxico e congestão vascular foram mais intensos neste grupo. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados à análise histopatológica permitem observar alterações típicas do trauma craniano e estas guardaram proporção direta com a energia do impacto.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Head Injuries, Closed/pathology , Neurons/pathology , Trauma Severity Indices , Disease Models, Animal , Head Injuries, Closed/complications , Rats, Wistar
19.
J. bras. neurocir ; 23(3): 242-245, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676793

ABSTRACT

Espasmos faciais constituem afecção rara, caracterizada por contrações assimétricas, involuntárias e paroxísticas da musculatura facial. Frequentemente são de acometimento unilateral e levam a situação desconfortável e prejudicial à qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Na maioria das vezes, o quadro inicia-se gradualmente no músculo orbicular dos olhos, seguindo-se por acometimento do andar inferior da face ipsilateralmente. Os espasmos são causados por compressão vascular, mais comumente provocada pela presença da artéria cerebelosa póstero-inferior (PICA) ou da artéria cerebelosa antero-inferior (AICA) (sendo mais raro o envolvimento da artéria vertebral) sobre a raiz do nervo facial, na REZ (Root Entry Zone). Injeção de toxina botulínica no músculo facial envolvido é uma opção terapêutica medicamentosa, no entanto possui benefícios transitórios ao longo da terapia. A descompressão microvascular é um tratamento efetivo, com baixas taxas de complicação. Descreve-se o caso de um paciente de 65 anos portador de contrações involuntárias e esporádicas da musculatura orbicular do olho esquerdo de caráter insidioso e progressivo. Optou-se por microcirurgia descompressiva com interposição de teflon entre artéria vertebral esquerda e o nervo facial na fossa posterior, com significativa melhora clínica, e regressão progressiva dos espasmos até sua completa remissão.


Facial spasm is a rare disease characterized by asymmetriccontractions and involuntary paroxysmal activity offacial muscles. It is often unilateral disease and leadsto an uncomfortable and injurious situation that affectspatients’ quality of life. Most often, it begins gradually inthe orbicularis oculi muscle, followed by involvement of theipsilateral inferior face . The spasms are usually causedby PICA and AICA vascular compression (vertebral arterycompression is more rare) of the facial nerve root, in itsentry zone. Botulinum toxin injection in the involved facialmuscle is a treatment option, however has transient benefitsduring the therapy. Microvascular decompression is aneffective treatment, with low complication rates. We reporta case of a 65-year-old patient with sporadic involuntarycontractions of left orbicular muscle , with an insidious andprogressive character. Microsurgical decompression withTeflon interposition between the left vertebral artery and thefacial nerve in the posterior fossa was performed. There wasa significant clinical improvement, with progressive decreaseof the spasms until complete remission.


Subject(s)
Aged , Decompression , Facial Nerve , Hemifacial Spasm , Vertebral Artery
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